Of all known types of vascular pathology, the most common are varicose veins.Let's look at the title of the article: the most common material is considered in this material - in turn the location of "varicose veins", namely the enlargement of the veins on the legs.Other options are relatively more common, but in the field of viewers of specialized and related specialists, they also fall constantly;These are, for example, the enlargement of the esophagus veins, the seed, the pelvis, etc.In other words, to connect only the term "extension extension" and exclusively to the lower limbs that are practiced in everyday speech would be incorrect.However, in the professional environment, there is still a definite terminological diversity: in some sources "varicose veins" is used in some sources, in others "expansion of varicose veins" is separated from "varicose disease", etc.
Varicose veins of the lower limbs are a very unpleasant polysmptomatic disease, accompanied by noticeable external manifestations.The cosmetic defect of the legs usually progress over the years and many patients (mainly women) are much more worried than hemodynamic disorders and organic changes in the venous walls.Such patients, or more recently, tend to resort to different methods of intramedics and methods for "eliminating varicose veins", in the best case, harmless and sometimes significantly aggravate the situation.Meanwhile, untreated, neglected forms of venous pathology are filled with the most serious consequences and at the first symptoms (see above), consult a doctor, if possible, you should consult: similar to the greater part of other diseases, varicose veins are much better for the treatment of the initial stages.
Returning to the issue of distribution, a wide range of published epidemiological evaluations should be noted.This is partly due to regional digerences and Age-Related Trends (The Older the Examination, The More The Share of Clinically Significant Cases in IT)Is, Apparently, The Design of the Conducted Studies: In Some Cases, Reporting Medical Documentation Is Analyzed (Which Is Reflected, In Essence, Not Reflect, Not in Essence, Not the Prevalethis disease), in others, some categories of the population are examined specifically, during which characteristic symptoms are registered and then evaluate the real incidence of their appearance in the general population.Even if you throw out extreme estimates, the situation with varicose veins of the lower limbs is very depressing: up to one degree or another, at least 55-65% of women and 15-25% of adulthood men suffer.Such a deep imbalance between the floors is due to the anatomical and hormonal differences, as well as to the reproductive function of a woman (pregnancy, birth), which in many cases becomes a direct prerequisite for the development of venous disorders.
The tendency to “rejuvenate” of Such Pathologies cannot but be Disturbed by the average age of the disease, the world of the interval of 20 to 30 years ofSchoolchildren, Including Young Men, Are Increasing From Year To Year: Growing Changes in Lifestyle (Reduction of Physical Activity) and Food Diets, Chips, Hiss and Other Affectded Litt
Reasons
First of all, it should be noted that the enlargement of varicose veins is not diagnosed with respect to the arteries: this "curse" lies in the veins.The arteries, of course, are also vulnerable and predisposed to various pathological changes, but in this case aneurysms (local hearing), atherosclerosis, various types of obstruction (narrowing of lumen), thromboembolism (blocking), etc.Compared to arterial, venous walls are less durable and elastic, less resistant to stretching deformation with load or internal pressure;They are easier to become thinner and become partially permeable, resulting in a blood seal or its individual fractions through the venous wall.The fact that varicose veins are most commonly observed in the lower limbs, many researchers consider one of the side effects of the evolutionary transition to directness (the other severe "reverence" that humanity pays the release of hands is the pathology of the spine).The entire body weight is based on the legs, which creates an unusually high load on the joints and the circulatory system.It is reliably known that people suffer from varicose veins that are already in ancient times;Then the dominant cause was, obviously, the constant carry of weights.This factor today is up -to -date (some types of sports and work activities), but as civilization has evolved, especially in the last hundred or two years, loads have increased many times with the advent of "sitting" and "standing" professions: any stagnant vein phenomena are fatal.Direct risk factors include obesity, plant food deficiency, injuries (including surgical, such as the effects of orthopedic surgery), congenital vascular abnormalities, hereditary predisposition and gender (see more).Deep vein thrombosis and concomitant inflammation (thrombophlebitis) lead to severe changes in the venous leg system;So, as a separate form of expansion of vegetable vegetables in Western literature, post -troof syndrome is considered.A large group of provocative factors consists of diseases and conditions that determine increased inside -Aabdominal pressure: tendency to constipation, chronic cough, etc.;In such cases, the expansion of varicose veins is detected as a rule, not only in the limbs.
Separately, one must say about a tobacco course, which is correctly called the "vein killer".The relationship is so obvious and packed that many experts categorically determine the condition for complete rejection of smoking before treatment begins.The ethical aspects of such a medical position can be argued (recently even the demagogical term "chauvinism of non -smoking" appeared), but in the fact that if this condition is not observed, treatment automatically becomes meaningless and useless, there is no doubt.Western smoker, who in this case requires the exercise of medical care right, is similar to a drug addict who expects to eliminate addiction syndrome and withdrawal but will continue to take drugs.
At the organic, anatomical level, the main cause of varicose veins is the failure of the venous valves, which must exclude reflux (blood flow in a direction, opposite normal, which creates excessive pressure in the veins).In fact, with the study of the causes and mechanisms of the development of venous valve dysfunction, with the development of the first methods of its surgical correction in the late 19th century, modern phlebology begins as a medical science for diseases of the veins, their treatment and prevention methods.
In principle, it is necessary to acknowledge that the abundance of the reasons described for the forefront - the importance of each of which is repeatedly and reliably confirmed by major large -scale studies - does not yet form any system.So, under almost equal conditions, with exactly the same, at first glance, combinations of risk factors, in one person, varicose veins of the lower limbs develop and quickly progress, and in the other vein for decades they remain intact.This suggests that today the ethipatogenesis has not been fully clarified and every, even the most effective of modern therapeutic strategies, actually remains palliative.However, phlebology develops extremely dynamically and today "missing relationships" in our knowledge of varicose veins will be identified and studied in the foreseeable future.
Symptoms
Often, harbingers or the first symptoms of circulatory disorders of the venous blood are subcutaneous stars or a network of small blood vessels of enlarged and visible and visible.The calves are then swollen nodes, coil or clusters.Legs with varicose veins swell and get tired, many patients complain of frequent painful convulsions in the legs (including at night), a feeling of itching, heat, creeping "geese", so in the absence of treatment of nodes, varicose veins can be complicated by acute thrombophlebitis and perforationExtended and in the lack of treatment of nodes, varicose veins can be complicated by acute thrombophlebitis and perforation of nodes (sometimes sufficiently the outbreak of the smallest mechanical mechanical exposures, so that in the absence of treatment of nodes, varicose veins can be complicated by acute thrombophlebitis and perforation perforationthat the thin walls are stretched);
Diagnostics
An experienced phlebologist recognizes varicose veins from the first end look.However, additional research, of course, is as necessary as collecting detailed history and complaints.There are a number of special functional samples, and of the instrumental methods, the most important is the angiography of the X-ray contract and the ultrasound in the Duplex Doppler scanning mode.
Treatment
In previous decades, the specialty "phlebology" was usually interpreted as a synonym for vascular surgery.In this way, implicitly implies that there can be no non -surgical treatment of venous pathology.To date, however, the situation has changed dramatically and the main changes are related to the last 15-20 years.The course of use - where possible and shown - are a little high -tech - and micro -invasive methods have withstood in all surgical specializations, and the treatment of varicose veins of the legs today does not necessarily imply a "large" surgery.As a rule, the therapy is exhaustive and begins with conservative measures -according to indications, drugs -nenonics, anticoagulants and anti -agents and anti -inflammatory drugs are prescribed.You can use an elastic bandage or compression of knitwear only after consulting a doctor (more special, the dressing technique should be explained in detail -starting from the fingers, with the obligatory capture of the heel and the gradual weakening of the compression closer to the knee).Therapeutic physical education, water procedures, diet (it is also necessary to normalize body weight) and hirudotherapy are effective.
However, varicose veins still remain a surgical disease, ie.The radical effect can only be achieved through surgery.There are many specific techniques for phlebectomy - vein removal, the residual functional viability of which does not reach 10% of normal.At the same time, the minimally invasive methods mentioned above are wider, which have several advantages (less traumatic, the possibility of outpatient treatment "one day", the lack of crooked cosmetic defects, etc.).The most promising and effective of these methods include sclerotherapy (artificial sprinkling, "gluing" of venous walls with a special solution that is applied by microfrods), laser therapy (including intravenous), radio frequency ablation (a thin probe is introduced into the vein as the walls are "sealed").
It should be understood that the effectiveness of each treatment in this case directly depends on what stage the patient is referring to help.It is not necessary to bring the issue of the "big" surgery: the deep veins of the lower limbs are completely cured today, but this disease itself does not pass.